Woodworking Workbenches

Tools for Woodwork

The process of building products using wood as the primary material is called wood-working. This may also include the process of carving something from wood.

Wood was one of the first materials to be used by our ancestors. Along with mud, stone and parts from animals, wood were turned into tools. As civilizations develop, so did their tools. This is proportional to the degree of skills involved by the people of the civilization.

Wooden tools created by our primitive ancestors were located in Lehringen. Some spears were found in Germany. Wooden weapons for hunting and flint tools for carving show that primitive people were already knowledgeable on how to create materials that would help them obtain their needs.

There are two ancient civilizations that are often mentioned when woodworking is the subject matter. These are the Egyptians and the Chinese. This is because woodworking has been shown in their ancient sketches and drawings.

Also, a vast amount of Egyptian furniture like chairs, tables, beds, stools and chests have been encased in tombs. Preservation of such materials shows that the ancient Egyptian people were inclined to use wood. Coffins that were located in the tomb were also out of wood.

Egyptians used metal for their woodwork. Copper and bronze were the main tools for woodworking. These were turned into adzes, pull saws, axes, chisels and bow drills.

Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to do veneering. They were also the first to use varnish, therefore resulting to what is now termed as “finishes.” They used native acacias and the wood from the sycamore and tamarisk trees.

As for the Chinese, wood working was said to have started when Lu Ban and his wife Lady Yun brought plane and chalkline to China. This was during the Spring and Autumn period. From them on, Lu Ban’s teachings were said to have been recoreded in the book “Lu Band Jing” or “Manuscript of Lu Ban.”

This was written 1500 years after he died. The book is complete with elaborate descriptions of the necessary dimensions in building different kinds of furniture like tables, altars and flower pots.

In the modern times, these are the tools a woodworker must possess:

* Measuring and Marking tools _ protractor, tape measures, rules – scratch awls, marking knives, marking gauges – plane gauges in order to figure out how flat the surface it – hygrometers in order to figure out how much water the wood has – levels – winding sticks – combination squares, try squares, straightedges

* Cutting tools – hands saws like the rip saw, cross cut saw, keyhole saw, bow saw, coping saw, tenon saw, gent’s saw and dowtail saw – power saws like the chainsaw, radial arm saw, miter saw, band saw, scroll saw, hole saw, table saw and circular saw.

* Shaping tools – hand planes like the smoothing plane, shoulder plane, spear plane, rabbet plane, scrub plane, block plane and jointer plane. – jointer and thickness planer – router – rotary tools – gouge and chisel – drill press and chisel mortiser – knifer – rasp – lathe – other hand shaping tools like the adze, axe, froe, drawknife and spokeshave

* Assembly tools – screwdriver – mallet and hammer – hand or power drills – clamps like the F-clamp, G-clamp, C-clamp, miter clamp, bar clamp, band clamp and sash clamp

* Finishing tools – sandpaper that can be used alone. It can be used with power sanders like belt sander, palm sander, orbit sander, disc sander or sanding blocks – steel wool or bronze wool for polishing and applying stain – file – scraper – spray guns used to apply lacquer – brushes for applying varnish

* Accessory tools and furniture – workbench or the bench or table where one sits or stands. This is where the woodworking process takes place Kinds of workbench 1. dog hole or a round or square hole that allows clamping and holding devices to be attached 2. bench dog or a peg that is inserted into a dog hole that lets in the clamp pressure 3. hold fast or the rod that is bent when put into the dog hole. It is used to put boards into position 4. vise or a clamping apparatus that holds wood in various positions during woodworking 5. bench hook that is laid against the wood that can be pushed during woodworking. – Sawhorse is the four legged stand that often comes in pairs. It supports long boards, sheets and panels.

For Your Success, Rafeek Nassief www.moneybattery.com/woodworking/html

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – The Basic Tools for Woodworking!

A pair of 2×4s nailed together is probably not the best example of a wood joint, but the fact is, any two pieces of wood attached together in some fashion can be called woodworking joinery. Deciding which type of joint to use for a project can be a little confusing, though. Let’s start by taking a look at what really counts: strength and style.

Strength is probably the more important factor, considering that a failed joint usually means a broken piece of furniture. Style obviously plays a close second, for the simple reason that we want our work to be attractive. And the more concerned we are about how a project looks, typically the more we try to hide the joinery from being seen. Let’s move on and take a look at the particular types of projects you might build, and the best-suited joinery for that type of project.

Workbenches and Shop Tables

We’re not talking about fine furniture-building here, so that means we can look for a fairly rough wood joint that offers strength over style. Lap joints and half-lap joints are good choices here. As the word “lap” implies, one board simply laps over the other to create the union. How you decide to connect the two boards is up to you, but even the simplest fasteners (like nails) will give you a strong bond.

Boxes and Cabinets

Joinery for these types of project can be a little more complicated. Of course we want strength to be an important part of the equation, but certainly the look and style will be just as important. Further complicating the matter is that the wood we use for boxes and cabinets is typically thinner than the bulky 2×4s we use on things like workbenches and picnic tables. That means less gluing surface to work with, and more potential for the joint to fail. To counteract these problems, boxes and cabinets are typically made with a combination of joinery styles, like dadoes, grooves, and rabbets. These joints are designed to interlock the edges of boards. That in itself adds considerable strength, but real advantage they offer is extra gluing surface per square inch -something you wouldn’t otherwise get by simply gluing two flat surfaces together.

Cabinet Carcase

The most common wood joints used to hold the basic shape of a cabinet together (top, sides, back) are dadoes, grooves, and rabbets. Like I mentioned earlier, the extra gluing surface provided by these types of joints goes a long way in keeping the inner structure of your project as strong as possible. You can always reinforce the joint with wood screws, but most woodworkers prefer to glue and clamp the pieces, and not worry about trying to hide the holes with wood plugs.

Woodworking Wood Joints

Face Frames

The purpose of face frames (sometimes called stiles and rails) is to cover up the exposed joinery of the cabinet carcase. It’s a good way to really dress up a project, especially if you used inexpensive materials (like plywood) to build the cabinet carcase. Most woodworkers choose from two different wood joints to make face frames; half lap joints and/or mortise and tenon joints.

Cabinet Doors

Cabinet doors are essentially face frames with an inside panel. Building them can be a little tricky, as you’ll need cut some type of groove along the inside edge to hold the panel in place. The simplest cabinet doors make use of stub tenons and grooves, which can be fairly easy to cut if you know your way around a table saw. Keep in mind that doors with glass panes or floating panels will likely need a stronger joint, like a mortise and tenon joint.

Drawers

By far, the most complicated (and important) type of joinery you’ll have to take on is in cabinet drawers. And for good reason. Drawers get pushed, pulled, and put to extreme tests of endurance every day. That kind of punishment calls for super-strong joinery just to make them last more than a couple weeks. That’s why dovetail joints are so common. It just doesn’t get any stronger than that. Not everyone is up to making dovetails, so there are a few alternatives – like tongue and dado joints or locking rabbet joints. Both do a nice job of creating a strong bond between the sides and the front of a drawer.

Woodworking Wood Joints

Spring 09

Rail Cap, Soft Maple, Curved, Clear, Straight Grained $9.25

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Brainerd 9715 Solid Brass Broad Hinges (Furniture/Cabinets/Crafts/Woodwork) $6.75

Stanley 74-4200 Satin Brass Finish Cabinet Hinges (Furniture/Crafts/Woodwork) $6.25

Brainerd 18XC Solid Brass Hinges (Furniture/Crafts/Cabinets/Woodwork) $7.50

National V485 Cabinet Hinges 1-1/4 Nickel Finish (Furniture/Crafts/Woodwork) $6.50

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Stanley 72-2800 Ornamental Cabinet Hinges (Furniture/Crafts/Woodwork) $6.75

FLAT HEAD WOOD SCREWS~FURNITURE HARDWARE~WOODWORKING $8.50

Cherry Lumber, Thick 6/4-, Quarter Sawed Board, Straight Grained, Top Quality $7.75

Hard Maple Lumber, Flat Sawed Board, Clear, Medium Textured, Beautiful $7.75

Hard Maple Lumber, Flat Sawed Board, Clear, Straight Even Grained, Top Quality $9.00

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Cabinet Door, Maple, Arched Top, Maple Construction $14.00

SALE 40 Threaded Woodworking Zinc 1/4-20 Inserts,Crafts $5.85

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Lot of 20 ~ 1-5/8″ x 3/4″ Round Rustic Pine Knobs~Feet $4.40

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Cherry Lumber Thick 8/4- Wide Flat Sawed Board Clear Straight Grained $9.75

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Alder Lumber Thick 8/4- Flat Sawed Board Clear Superior Grade $9.75

Walnut Lumber Curly Both Sides End to End Quarter Sawed Board Wide Premium $9.75

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